YOU WERE LOOKING FOR: Psychological First Aid Training Post Test Answers
Such a rare unanimity of opinion supports the perceived need for this intervention. A: PFA is delivered in the field, in shelters, and in health care facilities…wherever there is a need for psychological support. So, this would include first...
In our workshops, we train a wide range of health care professionals and lay people to provide psychological first aid. Q: We can see the outcome of a victim whose external injuries have been patched up on the scene by a first responder; how do we...
Back to top About PFA Psychological First Aid PFA is an evidence-informed modular approach to help children, adolescents, adults, and families in the immediate aftermath of disaster and terrorism. Individuals affected by a disaster or traumatic incident, whether survivors, witnesses, or responders to such events, may struggle with or face new challenges following the event. PFA is designed to reduce the initial distress caused by traumatic events and to foster short- and long-term adaptive functioning and coping. PFA does not assume that all survivors will develop severe mental health problems or long-term difficulties in recovery.
Instead, it is based on an understanding that disaster survivors and others affected by such events will experience a broad range of early reactions e. Some of these reactions will cause enough distress to interfere with adaptive coping, and recovery may be helped by support from compassionate and caring disaster responders. PFA core actions constitute the basic objectives of providing early assistance within days or weeks following an event. PFA is designed for delivery in diverse settings. Mental health and other disaster response workers may be called upon to provide Psychological First Aid in general population shelters, special needs shelters, field hospitals and medical triage areas, acute care facilities e.
The eight PFA Core Actions include: Contact and Engagement: To respond to contacts initiated by survivors, or to initiate contacts in a non-intrusive, compassionate, and helpful manner. Safety and Comfort: To enhance immediate and ongoing safety, and provide physical and emotional comfort. Stabilization if needed : To calm and orient emotionally overwhelmed or disoriented survivors. Information Gathering on Current Needs and Concerns: To identify immediate needs and concerns, gather additional information, and tailor Psychological First Aid interventions.
Practical Assistance: To offer practical help to survivors in addressing immediate needs and concerns. Connection with Social Supports: To help establish brief or ongoing contacts with primary support persons and other sources of support, including family members, friends, and community helping resources. Information on Coping: To provide information about stress reactions and coping to reduce distress and promote adaptive functioning. Linkage with Collaborative Services: To link survivors with available services needed at the time or in the future. In addition to translating PFA into several languages, NCTSN members and partners have worked to develop PFA adaptations for school personnel for use in the aftermath of a school crisis, disaster, or terrorism event , as well as community religious professionals, Medical Reserve Corps members, and staff at facilities serving families and youth who are experiencing homelessness.
What is a common signal of sudden illness? Changes in a. Changes in level of consciousness b. Loss of vision or blurred vision c. Signals of shock d. All of the above 7. Which type of injury involves an open wound in which the bone has torn through the skin? Dislocation c. Sprain d. Strain 8. How do you care for a person with a possible head, neck or spinal injury? Move the person into a comfortable position as soon as possible. Support the head in the position you find it. Do not try to align it. None of the above. A young woman is having trouble breathing and, based on your check of the person, you suspect that she is having a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting.
What should you do? After about 15 minutes, call or the local emergency number. Call immediately and care for the person until EMS personnel take over. Give the person a cool drink. Give the person abdominal thrusts. In stroke recognition, FAST stands for: a. Face, arm, speech and time. Feet, airway, speech, and temperature.
Fever, anxiety, stress and taste. Flexibility, asthma and sudden tightness in the chest. Care for a person with heat exhaustion includes the following: a. Force the person to quickly drink a lot of water. Get the person out of the heat and into a cooler place. Put more layers of clothing on the person as protection against the heat. All of the above. What is it? Allergic reaction.
Psychological First Aid is an evidence-informed [1] modular approach to help children, adolescents, adults, and families in the immediate aftermath of disaster and terrorism. Psychological First Aid is designed to reduce the initial distress caused by traumatic events and to foster short- and long-term adaptive functioning and coping. Principles and techniques of Psychological First Aid meet four basic standards. They are: Consistent with research evidence on risk and resilience following trauma Applicable and practical in field settings Appropriate for developmental levels across the lifespan Culturally informed and delivered in a flexible manner Psychological First Aid does not assume that all survivors will develop severe mental health problems or long-term difficulties in recovery. Instead, it is based on an understanding that disaster survivors and others affected by such events will experience a broad range of early reactions for example, physical, psychological, behavioral, spiritual.
Some of these reactions will cause enough distress to interfere with adaptive coping, and recovery may be helped by support from compassionate and caring disaster responders. Who is Psychological First Aid For? Psychological First Aid can also be provided to first responders and other disaster relief workers.
Who Delivers Psychological First Aid? Psychological First Aid is designed for delivery by mental health and other disaster response workers who provide early assistance to affected children, families, and adults as part of an organized disaster response effort. These providers may be imbedded in a variety of response units, including first responder teams, incident command systems, primary and emergency health care, school crisis response teams, faith-based organizations, Community Emergency Response Teams CERT , Medical Reserve Corps, the Citizens Corps, and other disaster relief organizations.
Psychological First Aid is a supportive intervention for use in the immediate aftermath of disasters and terrorism. Psychological First Aid is designed for delivery in diverse settings. Mental health and other disaster response workers may be called upon to provide Psychological First Aid in general population shelters, special needs shelters, field hospitals and medical triage areas, acute care facilities for example, Emergency Departments , staging areas or respite centers for first responders or other relief workers, emergency operations centers, crisis hotlines or phone banks, feeding locations, disaster assistance service centers, family reception and assistance centers, homes, businesses, and other community settings.
For more information on the challenges of providing Psychological First Aid in various service settings, see Appendix B. Psychological First Aid relies on field-tested, evidence-informed strategies that can be provided in a variety of disaster settings. Psychological First Aid emphasizes developmentally and culturally appropriate interventions for survivors of various ages and backgrounds. Psychological First Aid includes handouts that provide important information for youth, adults, and families for their use over the course of recovery. Basic Objectives of Psychological First Aid Establish a human connection in a non-intrusive, compassionate manner. Enhance immediate and ongoing safety, and provide physical and emotional comfort. Calm and orient emotionally overwhelmed or distraught survivors. Help survivors to tell you specifically what their immediate needs and concerns are, and gather additional information as appropriate.
Offer practical assistance and information to help survivors address their immediate needs and concerns. Connect survivors as soon as possible to social support networks, including family members, friends, neighbors, and community helping resources. Support adaptive coping, acknowledge coping efforts and strengths, and empower survivors; encourage adults, children, and families to take an active role in their recovery. Provide information that may help survivors cope effectively with the psychological impact of disasters. Be clear about your availability, and when appropriate link the survivor to another member of a disaster response team or to local recovery systems, mental health services, public-sector services, and organizations. Delivering Psychological First Aid Operate only within the framework of an authorized disaster response system.
Model healthy responses; be calm, courteous, organized, and helpful. Be visible and available. Remain within the scope of your expertise and your designated role. Make appropriate referrals when additional expertise is needed or requested by the survivor. Be knowledgeable and sensitive to issues of culture and diversity. Pay attention to your own emotional and physical reactions, and practice self-care.
Then ask simple respectful questions to determine how you may help. Often, the best way to make contact is to provide practical assistance food, water, blankets. Initiate contact only after you have observed the situation and the person or family, and have determined that contact is not likely to be intrusive or disruptive. Be prepared that survivors will either avoid you or flood you with contact. Speak calmly. Be patient, responsive, and sensitive. If survivors want to talk, be prepared to listen. When you listen, focus on hearing what they want to tell you, and how you can be of help. Acknowledge the positive features of what the survivor has done to keep safe. Give information that is accurate and age-appropriate for your audience.
When communicating through a translator or interpreter, look at and talk to the person you are addressing, not at the translator or interpreter. Remember that the goal of Psychological First Aid is to reduce distress, assist with current needs, and promote adaptive functioning, not to elicit details of traumatic experiences and losses. Some Behaviors to Avoid Do not make assumptions about what survivors are experiencing or what they have been through. Do not assume that everyone exposed to a disaster will be traumatized. Do not pathologize. Most acute reactions are understandable and expectable given what people exposed to the disaster have experienced. Focus instead on what the person has done that is effective or may have contributed to helping others in need, both during the disaster and in the present setting.
Do not assume that all survivors want to talk or need to talk to you. Often, being physically present in a supportive and calm way helps affected people feel safer and more able to cope. Do not speculate or offer possibly inaccurate information. Help school-age children verbalize their feelings, concerns and questions; provide simple labels for common emotional reactions for example, mad, sad, scared, worried.
Be aware that children may show developmental regression in their behavior and use of language. Working with Older Adults Older adults have strengths as well as vulnerabilities. Many older adults have acquired effective coping skills over a lifetime of dealing with adversities. For those who may have a hearing difficulty, speak clearly and in a low pitch. Reasons for apparent confusion may include: disaster-related disorientation due to change in surroundings; poor vision or hearing; poor nutrition or dehydration; sleep deprivation; a medical condition or problems with medications; social isolation; and feeling helpless or vulnerable.
An older adult with a mental health disability may be more upset or confused in unfamiliar surroundings. If you identify such an individual, help to make arrangements for a mental health consultation or referral. Working With Survivors with Disabilities When needed, try to provide assistance in an area with little noise or other stimulation. Address the person directly, rather than the caretaker, unless direct communication is difficult. If communication hearing, memory, speech seems impaired, speak simply and slowly. Take the word of a person who claims to have a disability—even if the disability is not obvious or familiar to you.
When possible, enable the person to be self-sufficient. If needed, offer to write down information and make arrangements for the person to receive written announcements. Keep essential aids such as medications, oxygen tank, respiratory equipment, and wheelchair with the person.
Speak to the victim and shake his shoulders D. To remove a blockage in the victims airway B. To treat the absence of a victims breathing C. To treat an insufficient breathing Ans: A 9 What's happens with the carbonic acid dioxide CO2 produced by the human body? It remains in the body cells B. It is transferred to the heart muscle C. It is exhausted via the blood and breathing system Ans: C 10 What can you do to avoid that a person experiences a short period of uncousciousness "Fainting" A.
Speak to the victim and administer a pain stroke B. Let the victim remain in its chair C. Apply fresh air, let the victim lay-down and reassure the victim Ans: C 11 What applies to a victim with a reduced counsciousness? The victim is still capable to speak B. The victim is in shock C. The victim does not react to speaking and shacking D. The victim is still alert Ans: A 12 How can you recognize a vein bleeding? Blood flows equally out of the wound B. Blood flows with pulses out of the wound C. Blood flows slowly out of the wound Ans: A 13 Where do you position the knot in the end of the bandages of a emercengy bandage? Always on top of the bandage B. Crossed over the wound C. Clearly away from the wound Ans: C 14 Witch of the items mentioned below can cause a shock? Give the passenger something to drink B. Let the passenger sleep C. Give nothing to drink, re-assure the passenger and seek medical assistance Ans: C 16 What do you do for small cut.
Wash with soap and water, cover with a sterile bandage B. Only cover with a sterile bandage C. Compression of the chest only C. Rescue breathing and chest compressions Ans: C 18 What can cause the blood circulation stop?
But there are not nearly enough people who are well-trained to de-escalate acute psychological distress in an emergency situation. What is psychological first aid? A: Psychological first aid PFA may be thought of as the psychological equivalent of physical first aid. PFA is a bit different from physical first aid like that provided by the Red Cross, for example. PFA consists of an initial contact usually at the scene of the incident and then one or two follow up contacts, if possible. A: It has been estimated that about 25 percent of those directly affected by events—such as crisis situations, disasters and even terrorism—could be in need of psychological first aid. I have seen this surge in demand first hand from my experiences spanning almost 40 years. Such a rare unanimity of opinion supports the perceived need for this intervention.
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