YOU WERE LOOKING FOR: Chapter 2 Physical Science Test Answers
Throughout their academic school year, your students will conduct controlled experiments where they observe a problem, ask a question, formulate a testable hypothesis, and then conduct the experiment and analyze the data to see if their results...
There are no teacher manuals required. A typical week requires studying science about 1 hour a day for 4 days. Students self-check their answers against the detailed answers provided at the end of each module. Laboratory exercises are conducted...
The first step toward independence is knowing what to do and when to do it. The modules of our middle school physical science textbook have been broken down in the student notebook into daily lesson plans for your student to follow. Students can easily see their assignment and check when it is completed so you can easily track their progress as well. Notebooks are strongly linked to their corresponding textbooks. They provide structured space for: Daily Schedule The first step toward independence is knowing what to do and when to do it.
Personal Notes Note taking pages provide ample space for students to take personal notes using the methods most college science departments recommend. On Your Own Questions These questions are designed so that your student answers these questions as he or she is working through the text. The answers to the questions are found in the textbook so that students can self-check their knowledge and know if they should move on or reread a section. Students should be encouraged to use their notes to answer the questions so that their note-taking skills are reinforced. Templates progress throughout the year from step-by-step instruction to full student independence. Some students, however, learn best when they can interact with others in an online setting and ask questions of a live instructor. With the Apologia Online Academy, students can interact in real time with both their classmates and a professional instructor in a structured virtual classroom.
We recognize that to cultivate curiosity, we must partner with it. Throughout their middle school years, your students will experience personal scientific encounters that turn facts into a meaningful and natural extension of what they already know about their world and their Creator. We thank you for considering Apologia science for your homeschool. Available Products.
Distinguish among facts, hypotheses, and theories. Outline the methodology of science, including the importance of tests designed to disprove hypotheses. Discuss the importance of uncertainty in many scientific predictions, and the relevance of this to environmental controversies. The Nature of Science Science can be defined as the systematic examination of the structure and functioning of the natural world, including both its physical and biological attributes. Science is also a rapidly expanding body of knowledge, whose ultimate goal is to discover the simplest general principles that can explain the enormous complexity of nature. These principles can be used to gain insights about the of the natural world and to make predictions about future change. Science is a relatively recent way of learning about natural phenomena, having largely replaced the influences of less objective methods and world views. The major alternatives to science are belief systems that are influential in all cultures, including those based on religion, morality, and aesthetics.
These belief systems are primarily directed toward different ends than science, such as finding meaning that transcends mere existence, learning how people ought to behave, and understanding the value of artistic expression. Modern science evolved from a way of learning called natural philosophy, which was developed by classical Greeks and was concerned with the rational investigation of existence, knowledge, and phenomena. Compared with modern science, however, studies in natural philosophy used unsophisticated technologies and methods and were not particularly quantitative, sometimes involving only the application of logic. Modern science began with the systematic investigations of famous 16th- and 17th-century scientists, such as: Nicolaus Copernicus , a Polish astronomer who conceived the modern theory of the solar system William Gilbert , an Englishman who worked on magnetism Galileo Galilei , an Italian who conducted research on the physics of objects in motion, as well as astronomy William Harvey : an Englishman who described the circulation of the blood Isaac Newton : an Englishman who made important contributions to understanding gravity and the nature of light, formulated laws of motion, and developed the mathematics of calculus Inductive and Deductive Logic The English philosopher Francis Bacon was also highly influential in the development of modern science.
Bacon was not an actual practitioner of science but was a strong proponent of its emerging methodologies. He promoted the application of inductive logic, in which conclusions are developed from the accumulating evidence of experience and the results of experiments. Inductive logic can lead to unifying explanations based on large bodies of data and observations of phenomena. Consider the following illustration of inductive logic, applied to an environmental topic: Observation 1: Marine mammals off the Atlantic coast of Canada have large residues of DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons in their fat and other body tissues. Observation 2: So do marine mammals off British Columbia. Observation 3: As do those in the Arctic Ocean, although in lower concentrations. Inductive conclusion: There is a widespread contamination of marine mammals with chlorinated hydrocarbons. Further research may demonstrate that the contamination is a global phenomenon. This suggests a potentially important environmental problem.
In contrast, deductive logic involves making one or more initial assumptions and then drawing logical conclusions from those premises. Consequently, the truth of a deductive conclusion depends on the veracity of the original assumptions. If those suppositions are based on false information or on incorrect supernatural belief, then any deduced conclusions are likely to be wrong. Consider the following illustration of deductive logic: Assumption 1: TCDD, an extremely toxic chemical in the dioxin family, is poisonous when present in even the smallest concentrations in food and water—even a single molecule can cause toxicity.
Assumption 2: Exposure to anything that is poisonous in even the smallest concentrations is unsafe. Assumption 3: No exposure that is unsafe should be allowed. The two conclusions are consistent with the original assumptions. However, there is disagreement among highly qualified scientists about those assumptions. Many toxicologists believe that exposures to TCDD and any other potentially toxic chemicals must exceed a threshold of biological tolerance before poisoning will result see Chapter In contrast, other scientists believe that even the smallest exposure to TCDD carries some degree of toxic risk. Thus, the strength of deductive logic depends on the acceptance and truth of the original assumptions from which its conclusions flow. In general, inductive logic plays a much stronger role in modern science than does deductive logic. In both cases, however, the usefulness of any conclusions depends greatly on the accuracy of any observations and other data on which they were based.
Poor data may lead to an inaccurate conclusion through the application of inductive logic, as will inappropriate assumptions in deductive logic. Goals of Science The broad goals of science are to understand natural phenomena and to explain how they may be changing over time. To achieve those goals, scientists undertake investigations that are based on information, inferences, and conclusions developed through a systematic application of logic, usually of the inductive sort. As such, scientists carefully observe natural phenomena and conduct experiments. A higher goal of scientific research is to formulate laws that describe the workings of the universe in general terms.
For example, see Chapter 4 for a description of the laws of thermodynamics, which deal with the transformations of energy among its various states. Universal laws, along with theories and hypotheses see below , are used to understand and explain natural phenomena. However, many natural phenomena are extremely complex and may never be fully understood in terms of physical laws.
Removing question excerpt is a premium feature Upgrade and get a lot more done! Upgrade 1. How many grams of brown chunks of residue did experiment product? What are those brown chunks made of? What is the mass ratio of copper to zinc in this reaction? A science teacher shows students a chunk of gold and a very thin sheet of gold. How would a picture of one atom from the chunk of gold compare to a picture of one atom from the thin sheet of gold? Hydrogen, carbon and oxygen are added together in a closed container. After they are mixed, a chemical reaction takes place and a liquid is formed. How does the number of atoms after the reaction compare to the number of atoms before the reaction? In one of our experiments, we tested several elements using different properties to see if we could find elements that could be grouped together if they share some properties.
One of those properties that we tested was the ability to react with oxygen to make an "oxide". Which of the following is true about this property?
Physical science Answers to Chapter 2 section 2 page 58 Questions advertisement Physical science Answers to Chapter 2 section 2 page 58 Questions Dr. Karoline Rostamiani Chapter Review Anwers 1. Sample answers: Physical properties of a substance include color, shape, and density. Flammability is a chemical property of matter. Sugar dissolving in water is an example of a physical change. When a piece of iron metal rusts it is undergoing a chemical change. Sample answer: Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is always constant. Sample answer: Mass is a measure of inertia. The more mass an object has, the more inertia it has. Sample answer: Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object, and density is the amount of mass in a given volume. B Related documents.
How long and wide are the Himalayas? Answer: The Himalayan region extends along the north of India. The Himalayas are the longest and the highest mountain range in the world. The Himalayas are km long, to km wide from Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh respectively. Question Which range of the Himalayas has hill stations? Many people visit these hill stations in summer, because these places are cooler than the plains.
Name the three types of plate boundaries. Which one of them lies in the Himalayan belt? Answer: The three types of plate boundaries are Convergent, Divergent and Trans form. The Himalayas have been formed by the convergent boundary. How the Himalayas have been divided on the basis of regions from west to east? Answer: Punjab Himalayas: These divisions have been demarcated by river valleys. The part of Himalayas lying between Indus and Satluj has been traditionally known as Punjab Himalaya, but it is also known regionally as Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya from west to east respectively. Question 2. Which are the three main ranges of the Himalayas? Answer: The Himalayas have three ranges which run almost parallel to each other.
The distance between these ranges is wider in the west and becomes narrow in the east. Question 3. Answer: Earth scientists have attempted to explain the formation of physical features with the help of some theories based on certain evidences. According to this theory, the crust upper part of the earth has been formed out of seven major and some minor plates. The movement of the plates results in the building up of stresses within the plates and the continental rocks above, leading to folding, faulting and volcanic activity Question 4.
Why is the soil in the Northern Plain fertile? Answer: The soil of this plain has been formed by the sediments brought down by the rivers from the Himalayas. Such plain is called an alluvial plain and it is very fertile. This plain is one of the largest and most fertile plains of world. It is the most thickly populated plain. This is also the major crop growing area in India. This plain is drained by river Ganga, Brahmaputra and their tributaries. The slope of this plain in the west is south-west and in the east is south-east. An area through which a river and its tributaries flow is called its basin. Question 5. Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhya range?
Write a brief note on this plateau. The Aravali hills lie to the west of the plateau and the Vindhya range lies to its south. The part of the peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river, covering a major area of the Malwa plateau, is known as the Central Highlands. The Malwa plateau lies in Madhya Pradesh.
It is composed of extensive lava flows. There are rolling plains separated by flat-topped hills. The plateau is largely broken in form of ravines near the Chambal Valley in its east. Question 6. What do you mean Great Himalayas? Write its two characteristics. It contains all prominent Himalayan peaks. It is perennially snow bound, and several glaciers descend from this range. Question 7. How was the Great Northern Plains of India formed? Answer: The formation of the Himalayas due to upliftment of sediments out of the Tethys Sea and subsidence of the northern flank of the Peninsular Plateau resulted in the formation of a large basin. In due course of time this depression, gradually got filled with deposition of sediments by the rivers flowing from the mountains in the north and the peninsular plateau in the south. A flat land of extensive alluvial deposits led to the formation of the northern plains of India. Question 8.
Answer: Coral polyps are short-lived microscopic organisms, which live in colonies. They flourish in shallow, mud-free and warm waters. They secrete hard rock like substance. The coral secretion and their skeletons from coral deposits in the form of reefs. They are mainly of three kinds—barrier reef, fringing reef and atolls. The Great Barrier Reef of Australia is a good example of the first kind of coral reefs. Atolls are circular or horse shoe-shaped coral reefs. Question 9. Write a short note on the Western Coastal Plains. Answer: The Peninsular plateau is flanked by stretch of narrow coastal strips, running along the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east.
The western coast, sandwiched between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, is a narrow plain. It consists of three sections. The northern part of the coast is called the Konkan Mumbai-Goa , the central stretch is called the Kannad Plain while the southern stretch is referred to as the Malabar coast. Why are the Himalayas called as young mountains? The sediments beneath the ocean were folded due to the compression and got uplifted. Therefore, they are known as young fold mountains. These mountains are still rising. The whole mountain represents a very youthful topography with high peaks, deep valleys and fast flowing rivers. Write any three features of the Shiwalik range.
Answer: The three features of the Shiwalik range are : a This is the outermost range of the Himalayas. Describe the river systems of the Northern Plains. Answer: The three river systems in the Northern plains from east to west are the Brahmaputra, Ganga and Indus. A large part of the Indus system lies in Pakistan. This section of the plain is dominated by the doabs. The Ganga plain extends between the Ghaggar and Teesta rivers.
Answer: Northern plains have great diverse relief features. According to the variations in relief features, the Northern plains can be divided into four regions. The rivers, after descending from the mountains deposit pebbles in a narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks. It is known as bhabar.
All the streams disappear in this bhabar belt. South of this belt, the streams and rivers re-emerge and create a wet, swampy and marshy region known as terai. The largest part of the northern plain is formed of older alluvium. It lies above the floodplains of the rivers and presents a terrace like feature. This part is known as bhangar. The soil in this region contains calcareous deposits, locally known as kankar. The newer, younger deposits of the flood plains are called khadar. Write a short note on Deccan Plateau. Answer: The Deccan Plateau is a triangular landmass that lies to the south of the river Narmada. The Satpura range flanks its broad base in the north, while the Mahadev, the Kaimur hills and the Maikal range form its eastern extensions. The Deccan Plateau is higher in the west and slopes gently eastwards. It is separated by a fault from the Chotanagpur Plateau. Three prominent hill ranges from the west to the east are the Garo, the Khasi and the Jaintia Hills.
Write in detail about the Himalayan mountains. Answer: The Himalaya mountains lie between the Indus river and the Brahmaputra river which covers a distance of about 2, kilometres. They consist of three parallel ranges-the Himadri, the Himachal and the Shiwaliks from north to south. The Himadri or the Great Himalayas is the highest of all with an average height of more than 6, metres above sea level.
Kanchenjunga 8, metres in Sikkim is the highest peak of the Himalayas in India. The range is mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks.
Sample Homework Online Reviews This website provides a series of online reviews for each chapter of the Physical Science textbook. We recommend that you go through the reviews after you have at least read the chapter, and perhaps attended lecture. Each chapter review contain the sections described below. We recommend that you check your answers for each section and review the questions you miss before proceeding to the next section.
Video Review The videos provide a high-level review of selected concepts. They are not intended to be a replacement for the material in the textbook and lecture. Rather, they are designed to refresh your understanding of the key concepts after you've already studied them in the textbook and lecture. Vocabulary The Vocabulary section tests your understanding of the meaning of key terms introduced in the chapter. This section tests your knowledge of the definitions of terms and phrases through a set of matching questions. If you miss a definition in this section or got it right, but don't know why , go back to the textbook and look up the phrase to help you master the vocabulary of the chapter. These questions tend to be simpler than those found on exams, but are good initial tests of your understanding. Again, if you miss a question or are confused by the answer, we recommend that you review the concepts from the textbook or discuss with a TA to identify your misunderstanding.
No comments:
Post a Comment