YOU WERE LOOKING FOR: Routing And Switching Essentials Chapter 2 Exam Answers
Bootstrap Protocol: The Bootstrap Protocol is a networking protocol used to by a client for obtaining an IP address from a server. Which action is performed by a client when establishing communication with a server via the use of UDP at the...
CCNP Enterprise. Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials CCNA v7 Companion Guide is designed as a portable desk reference to use anytime, anywhere to reinforce the material from the Switching, Routing, and Wireless Essentials course and organize...
Online Test. You will learn the basics of networking and how to configure a small network with Cisco routers and switches. Alcatel Lucent Egypt. This document is exclusive property of Cisco Systems, Inc. Instructor Packet Tracer Manual. This bridging course contains four modules that focus on LAN security, securely configuring switches to mitigate attacks, and wireless LAN concepts and configuration. CCNA Practical Studies is a comprehensive guide that provides insights on remote access-based lab environments. Cisco certification program has been drastically changed from Feb. Which term refers to a network that provides secure access to the corporate CCNA v7.
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Floating static route 2. Static routes are useful when connecting to a specific remote network. The figure shows that R2 can be configured with a static route to reach the stub network Note: The example is highlighting a stub network, but in fact, a static route can be used to connect to any network. A default route can be dynamically learned or statically configured. A default static route is simply a static route with 0. Configuring a default static route creates a Gateway of Last Resort. Default static routes are used: When no other routes in the routing table match the packet destination IP address.
In other words, when a more specific match does not exist. A common use is when connecting a company's edge router to the ISP network. When a router has only one other router to which it is connected. In this situation, the router is known as a stub router. Refer to the figure for a stub network default route scenario. The multiple static routes all use the same exit interface or next-hop IP address. In the figure, R1 would require four separate static routes to reach the Instead, one summary static route can be configured and still provide connectivity to those networks. Floating static routes are static routes that are used to provide a backup path to a primary static or dynamic route, in the event of a link failure. The floating static route is only used when the primary route is not available. To accomplish this, the floating static route is configured with a higher administrative distance than the primary route.
The administrative distance represents the trustworthiness of a route. If multiple paths to the destination exist, the router will choose the path with the lowest administrative distance. For example, assume that an administrator wants to create a floating static route as a backup to an EIGRP-learned route. EIGRP has an administrative distance of If the floating static route is configured with an administrative distance of 95, the dynamic route learned through EIGRP is preferred to the floating static route. A floating static route, with an administrative distance of 91 or higher, could be configured to serve as a backup route. Activity - Identify the Type of Static Route Instruction Determine whether the static routing descriptors are advantages or disadvantages of static routing.
Click the appropriate field next to each description to indicate your answers. The basic syntax for the command is shown in the figure. The following parameters are required to configure static routing: network-address - Destination network address of the remote network to be added to the routing table, often this is referred to as the prefix. The subnet mask can be modified to summarize a group of networks. One or both of the following parameters must also be used: ip-address - The IP address of the connecting router to use to forward the packet to the remote destination network. Commonly referred to as the next hop. The distance parameter is used to create a floating static route by setting an administrative distance that is higher than a dynamically learned route. Notice that each router has entries only for directly connected networks and their associated local addresses.
None of the routers have any knowledge of any networks beyond their directly connected interfaces. For example, R1 has no knowledge of networks: Figure 5 displays an unsuccessful ping to the R3 LAN. The next hop can be identified by an IP address, exit interface, or both. How the destination is specified creates one of the three following route types: Next-hop route - Only the next-hop IP address is specified Directly connected static route - Only the router exit interface is specified Fully specified static route - The next-hop IP address and exit interface are specified 2. The exit interface is derived from the next hop. For example, in Figure 1, three next-hop static routes are configured on R1 using the IP address of the next hop, R2. Before any packet is forwarded by a router, the routing table process must determine the exit interface to use to forward the packet. This is known as route resolvability. Figure 2 details the basic packet forwarding process in the routing table for R1.
When a packet is destined for the Looks for a match in the routing table and finds that it has to forward the packets to the next-hop IPv4 address Every route that references only a next-hop IPv4 address and does not reference an exit interface must have the next-hop IPv4 address resolved using another route in the routing table with an exit interface.
R1 must now determine how to reach In this case, the IPv4 address matches the route for the directly connected network This lookup tells the routing table process that this packet is forwarded out of that interface. It actually takes two routing table lookup processes to forward any packet to the When the router performs multiple lookups in the routing table before forwarding a packet, it is performing a process known as a recursive lookup.
Because recursive lookups consume router resources, they should be avoided when possible. A recursive static route is valid that is, it is a candidate for insertion in the routing table only when the specified next hop resolves, either directly or indirectly, to a valid exit interface. Use the Syntax Checker in Figures 3 and 4 to configure and verify next-hop static routes on R2 and R3. In Figure 1, three directly connected static routes are configured on R1 using the exit interface. The routing table for R1 in Figure 2 shows that when a packet is destined for the No other lookups are required. Notice how the routing table looks different for the route configured with an exit interface than for the route configured with a recursive entry. Configuring a directly connected static route with an exit interface allows the routing table to resolve the exit interface in a single search, instead of two searches.
Only a directly connected interface can have an administrative distance of 0. Note: For point-to-point interfaces, you can use static routes that point to the exit interface or to the next-hop address. Use the Syntax Checker in Figures 3 and 4 to configure and verify directly connected static routes on R2 and R3. CEF provides optimized lookup for efficient packet forwarding by using two main data structures stored in the data plane: a FIB Forwarding Information Base , which is a copy of the routing table, and an adjacency table that includes Layer 2 addressing information. The information combined in both of these tables work together so there is no recursive lookup needed for next-hop IP address lookups. In other words, a static route using a next-hop IP requires only a single lookup when CEF is enabled on the router. Although static routes that use only an exit interface on point-to-point networks are common, the use of the default CEF forwarding mechanism makes this practice unnecessary.
CEF is discussed in more detail later in the course. This form of static route is used when the exit interface is a multi-access interface and it is necessary to explicitly identify the next hop. The next hop must be directly connected to the specified exit interface. CEF is not enabled. To eliminate the recursive lookup, a directly connected static route can be implemented using the following command: R1 config ip route The difference between an Ethernet multi-access network and a point-to-point serial network is that a point-to-point serial network has only one other device on that network, the router at the other end of the link. With Ethernet networks, there may be many different devices sharing the same multi-access network, including hosts and even multiple routers. By only designating the Ethernet exit interface in the static route, the router will not have sufficient information to determine which device is the next-hop device. However, R1 does not know the next-hop IPv4 address; therefore, it cannot determine the destination MAC address for the Ethernet frame.
Depending upon the topology and the configurations on other routers, this static route may or may not work. It is recommended that when the exit interface is an Ethernet network, that a fully specified static route is used, including both the exit interface and the next-hop address. Note: With the use of CEF, a fully specified static route is no longer necessary. A static route using a next-hop address should be used. Use the Syntax Checker in Figure 3 and 4 to configure and verify fully specified static routes on R2 and R3.
In the example, the output is filtered using the pipe and begin parameter. The output reflects the use of static routes using the next-hop address. Figure 2 displays sample output of the show ip route Figure 3 verifies the ip route configuration in the running configuration. Use the Syntax Checker in Figure 4 to verify the routing settings of R2. Use the Syntax Checker in Figure 5 to verify the routing settings of R3. A default route does not require any left-most bits to match between the default route and the destination IPv4 address. A default route is used when no other routes in the routing table match the destination IP address of the packet. In other words, if a more specific match does not exist, then the default route is used as the Gateway of Last Resort. Default static routes are commonly used when connecting: An edge router to a service provider network A stub router a router with only one upstream neighbor router As shown in the figure, the command syntax for a default static route is similar to any other static route, except that the network address is0.
Note: An IPv4 default static route is commonly referred to as a quad-zero route. Router config ip route 0. However, R1 is a stub router because it is only connected to R2. Therefore, it would be more efficient to configure a default static route. The example in the figure configures a default static route on R1. With the configuration shown in the example, any packets not matching more specific route entries are forwarded to As displayed in the Codes table in the figure, the asterisk indicates that this static route is a candidate default route, which is why it is selected as the Gateway of Last Resort. The subnet mask in a routing table determines how many bits must match between the destination IP address of the packet and the route in the routing table.
Comment any pages for discussion. If the address is not there, the switch adds it. It identifies the subinterface. CCNA 2 version 7 - 8. The specific skills covered in each chapter are described […]Continue reading. After the static route command is entered, connectivity to the network is still failing. Objetivos: capacitar a los participantes para aprovechar todas las funcionalidades que te brinda CISCO a. Cisco career certifications bring valuable, measurable rewards to technology professionals and to the organizations that employ them. We are collecting every second for all answers for up to date. These online exam materials will assist you in exam the skills necessary to pass every exam. CCNA 2 version 7 - A native VLAN is assigned to an CCNA 3 version 7 - 2. Linux Essentials 2. You are our LOVE. Free shipping for many products!. Ccna-2 case study v7. It identifies the type of encapsulation that is used. To earn CCNA certification, you pass one exam that covers a broad range of fundamentals for IT careers, based on the latest networking technologies, software development skills, and job roles.
Refer to the exhibit. Packets with a destination network that is not The native VLAN is being pruned from the link. Exam Description. CCNA 3 v7: Enterprise Networking, Security, and Automation The third course in the CCNA curriculum describes the architectures and considerations related to designing, securing, operating, and troubleshooting enterprise networks. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
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