YOU WERE LOOKING FOR: Paulson Test Answers
Consider the function length which returns the length of a list. This is a pre-defined function. Obviously it does not matter if we are finding the length of a list of integers or strings or anything. Note that a label is not the same thing as a...
The binding becomes part of the environment. During a typical ML session you will create bindings thus enriching the global environment and evaluate expressions. If you enter an expression without binding it the interpreter binds the resulting value...
Notice how :: is always between an item and a list. The operator :: can be used to add a single item to the head of a list. The operator is used to append two lists together. It is a common mistake to confuse an item with a list containing a single item. For example to obtain the list starting with 4 followed by [5,6,7] we may write [5,6,7] or [4] [5,6,7] however 4 [5,6,7] or [4]::[5,6,7] both break the type rules. We must use the expression [5,6,7] [4] to get [5,6,7,4] Tutorial two : Types Consider the following bindings.
Try to predict the result before executing them. Check your answer by entering each followed by the semicolon. Try each function on a list or a string as appropriate. Make a note of each of the following: The type of explode and the name of its inverse. The type of rev and its inverse. The type of hd and what it is an abbreviation for The type of tl and what it is an abbreviation for. Evaluate each of the following; try to predict the result. We can use it to create functions from functions. You should find that these functions extract a single character from a string. Notice that in a chain of composed functions the last is applied first. Use the functions first, second To save typing you may use the function map - however as this is a higher order function which we have not yet covered you must not attempt to understand how it works. Using only function composition on roll and exch define the functions which perform the following.
Now would be a good time to tackle Diversion: Distorting Bitmaps Type inference One of the clever features of ML is that it can work out types in many cases. This is not always trivial. It is possible to over-ride the type inference mechanism, this may be desirable in the interests of software engineering or necessary where the mechanism cannot cope. For example if the functions double and triple are defined we may create a function times6 as the composition of the double and triple. In the second case we apply the composition of triple and double to the parameter x and in the third case we do away with the parameter x altogether. Notice the order of function application is "back to front". The expression f o g is the function f applied to the function g - i.
After H B Curry. It is a function which takes an integer and returns a function from an integer to an integer. This would be a good time to consider the Diversion: Mandelbrot Pattern Matching In the examples so far we have been able to define functions using a single equation. We may use if then else in ML however pattern matching is preferred. Example: To change a verb from present to past tense we usually add "ed" as a suffix. The function past does this. Thus the call past "swim" is matched at the second attempt. The final equation has the free variable x as the formal parameter - this will match with any string not caught by the previous equations.
More on pattern matching later Recursion Using recursive functions we can achieve the sort of results which would require loops in a traditional language. Recursive functions tend to be much shorter and clearer. A recursive function is one which calls itself either directly or indirectly. Traditionally, the first recursive function considered is factorial. To see how this works consider the execution of factorial 3. In evaluating factorial 2 the second equation is used but this time n is bound to 2. We can now "unwind" the recursion. As functional advocates we take a perverse pride in this. Take care It is very easy to write a non-terminating recursive function. To stop a non terminating function press control C. Be warned that some functions consume processing time and memory at a frightening rate. There are many useful in-built string and mathematical functions.
In many versions of ML you can view these by opening the right structure. A word of warning. If you open a structure you will lose the overloaded functions. For example you can usually use length on strings or lists, following the open String; statement you can no longer apply length to a list. Tutorial three: Recursion on integers What do these recursive functions do? You can enter each into ML and check the type of input required by each. Simply try evaluating each function on a few values. To save typing you might consider using map to evaluate the functions over a list of values for example: map t [1,2,3,4,5,6]; Each of the following functions can be defined in a similar way.
For listcopy the second parameter givens the number of copies to be made - this is the one to recurse on. The symbol :: is called cons, it has two components, nil is the empty list We can write equations for each of these constructors with completely general components. The empty list is easy - sum of all the elements in the empty list is zero. Where h is the head of the list - in this case an integer - and t is the tail of the list - i. In constructing recursive functions we can assume that the function works for a case which is in some sense "simpler" than the original.
This leap of faith becomes easier with practice. In this case we can assume that function sum works for t. We can use the value sum t on the right hand side of the definition. Clearly the difference between sum h::t and sum t is h. Given two parameters we have a choice when it comes to deciding how to recurse. The second equation is more difficult. The list h::t is to be put to the front of x. The result of this is h cons'ed onto the list made up of t and x. The resulting list will have h at the head followed by t joined onto x. We make use of the operator within its own definition. Note that the actual definition used is slightly different. Example: doublist Consider the function doublist which takes a list and doubles every element of it.
Just by looking at the type we can see that this would be nonsense. The output from doublist must be a list, not an integer. In considering the cons case an example may help. Imagine the execution of a particular list say doublist [5,3,1]. We rewrite [5,3,1] as [3,1] and consider the second equation. We answer "stick ten on the front".
For example, will Sarah Paulson attend the virtual ceremony by herself? Or will she include her girlfriend, Holland Taylor? Keep reading for details. Who is Sarah Paulson's girlfriend, Holland Taylor? Mercedes, Hollywood and The Chair. How did they meet? Paulson first met Holland at a party in the early s. At the time, they were both dating other people. They remained acquaintances for several years until they officially became a couple in When did they start dating? Are they married? Not to our knowledge. Stay up-to-date on every breaking story by subscribing here.
The Rifle is the story of a flintlock rifle that is made just prior to the Revolutionary War in Pennsylvania. Through a remarkable series of circumstances, the Rifle makes its way to , where it figures in a tragic accident. A man named Cornish McManus establishes his own gunsmith shop in McManus is a visionary and a very skilled gunsmith, and after finding a remarkable piece of maple gun stock, he decides to craft his life achievement, a "sweet" rifle of tremendous quality and accuracy. He spends the next months painstakingly crafting the Rifle. The Rifle is far more accurate than most any gun existing at the time due to McManus' innovation, care, and artistry. Though McManus does not wish to part with the gun, he meets a woman he marries and he needs money to raise a family. A woodsman named John Byam takes a liking to the Rifle. McManus sells the gun for a year's worth of animal hides from Byam. Byam then gets caught up in the American rebel fight against the British, leading into the American Revolution.
Byam becomes a folk hero in the Revolution, with his long-range sniping of British officers becoming the stuff of legend. Byam dies of dysentery, and the Rifle is handed off to a woman named Sarah. It remains dormant in an attic for many decades until it is discovered. After more changes of ownership, the Rifle is eventually purchased by a "gun nut" named Tim Harrow at a gun show. Harrow in turns trades it to a man named Harv Kline, and the Rifle finally ends up hung above Kline's fireplace.
The story changes directions to describe a fourteen-year-old boy in named Richard Mesington. He grew up in Colorado and moved to Missouri when he was seven. His early life is described in some detail, including his career aspirations construction worker, archaeologist, major-league baseball pitcher , his romance with a girl named Peggy, his love of sports, etc. By , it is clear Richard has great promise and a limitless future. Fate now intervenes. Richard's family lives next door to the Klines. Christmas comes, and Kline places a couple Christmas candles he got from work onto his mantle.
The burning candles melt the wax that had been placed by Byam into the hole of the Rifle between the still-live gun powder and the striking plate. As Richard adjusts a Christmas ornament on his tree in his living room, Kline stokes logs in his own living room. Kline trips, sending a shower of sparks into the air from the logs. One of these sparks enters the hole of the Rifle, causing the loaded Rifle to fire. It travels into the window of Richard's home and kills the boy instantly, striking him in the head. No one in all the years of the Rifle's life had bothered to check if it was loaded. The story ends with the Rifle in the gun case of another man named Tilson, seemingly waiting for its next victim.
This is pretty much a gimme, as you had to know that San Francisco was gonna be the answer to at least one question. Of the four, Fred and Wilma Flintstone were the first couple to be seen in bed together in prime time, thus explaining Pebbles, but not little Ricky, Richie or Gloria. His Royal was also apparently loyal. Harold Francis Callahan is better known as Dirty Harry. To me, these names do not match. Apollo is the god with the same name in Greek and Roman mythology. A spaghetto is a single strand of spaghetti.
A single piece of graffiti, by the way, is a graffito. There are 36 black keys on a traditional piano. Seventeen U. Twelve of them served exactly two consecutive full terms. In Australia, where they have very few butlers, the standard alibi is: The koala did it. John F. Kennedy was the first Roman Catholic president.
Proper training then becomes the key to long-term success. When you consider all the things employees need to learn in order to make a good plastic product, providing even adequate training may seem like a difficult task. Paulson is president of Paulson Training Programs, Inc. Paulson Training provides a broad range of in-plant interactive training courses, world-wide e-learning solutions, and expert-led seminars to help plastics industry professionals compete on a global scale. Paulson: Workers who are currently employed have the basic skills the company needs to get product out the door. Second and third shifts suffer as a result. Prospective employees very often have no plastics background and sometimes even no manufacturing background. White: There is often a significant skills gap between graduate plastics engineers and entry-level workers who have been trained to operate the machines.
Machine operators are often chosen for employment based upon their mechanical abilities and work ethic demonstrated by a documented work history. Often, these employees lack an understanding of the basic plastics materials behavior and process efficiency parameters which can result in maintaining optimum product quality and manufacturing process efficiency.
Hoffman: Companies are realizing that education needs to go beyond process training. Processing is only one piece of the injection molding puzzle. People involved in this industry, regardless of their job title and function, need to have a solid understanding of plastic materials, processing, part design, and mold design. Those four key areas interact in a very complex manner. Not everything can be, nor should be, solved by a process change. Having a deeper understanding of the interaction of those areas will allow someone to develop a critical thought process that will help them troubleshoot, solve, and prevent problems from occurring Hoffman: Our evaluation tests indicate math is one area where some skills are lacking, followed second by a lack of a good understanding of plastic materials.
If their background is engineering, then the math comes easier to those folks, but they may struggle in other areas such as processing and materials. Paulson: Basic math and science skills are definitely lacking across the board. This severely limits problem-solving ability. I spoke with a processor just today who told me that many of his employees are pretty good at setting up and running their machines, but the training programs from Paulson have opened up a whole new world of understanding for them. This is creating enthusiasm within the ranks and a desire for more training.
A classic win-win. White: Untrained plastics workers would likely be weakest in skills associated with the technical aspects of molding and the overall understanding of plant operations, beginning with the fundamental principles of molding, extrusion, or appropriate plastics processes. Also, understanding plastics, production monitoring, quality, and safety are likely areas that would benefit from additional training. White: Understanding the general nature and properties of plastics and understanding process technology, including the economic impact of making rejects, blocking cavities, and cycle-time variation.
Also, how to effectively troubleshoot using scientific and systematic approaches, as well as understanding the cause and effect relationships between the machine, process, mold, and material. Another aspect is how and why polymer behavior is influenced either by the manufacturing process, downstream processes like heat sealing, etc.
It is necessary to have a basic understanding of these topics. The other area that is weak is basic math skills. We teach employees the math they need to know in the context of the job they are expected to do i. Another area is the critical thinking needed to solve, or prevent, problems. This again is often attributed to a lack of knowledge in other areas besides processing. PE: What difficulties are plastics processors facing in getting workers trained? What are some solutions? Hoffman: Some of the bigger obstacles seem to be the usual suspects: cost and time. There is no quick two-day or two-week fix for education. Education is a long process and requires discipline and commitment from the students themselves up through management, both in cost and time.
Measuring training ROI [return on investment] is a big issue for some companies. This is a misconception. Manufacturing managers often are restricted by budget restraints and production quotas. Penn College offers customized training programs at the facility. Paulson: The single biggest problem our industry faces is that high school and college students simply are not aware of the tremendous opportunities plastics manufacturing offers. At the high-school level, the problem is the same: zero visibility. Ironically, the next generation is surrounded by more plastic products than have ever existed, but they know nothing about how their toys and devices are made. White: At the high school level, guidance counselors and influential individuals should be educated regarding the benefits of a plastics career, including the average salaries paid to workers and the demand for employees.
Often, perceptions discount the desirability of a manufacturing occupation. Penn College NOW [ www. Plastics process and testing equipment is loaned to high schools or tech schools to conduct projects and demonstrate plastics processes. Paulson: There needs to be more outreach programs to raise the visibility of plastics as a career. Compare that to hundreds of graduating engineers in other fields from good engineering universities, and the issue becomes pretty clear. However, one note of optimism is that the plastics students we deal with are incredibly excited about their prospects. Paulson is dealing more and more with consortiums of education and industry who are partnering to train skilled workers in plastics-centric manufacturing areas.
MFI has applications in comparing densities of PE or determining if your part has been oversheared or improperly dried during or prior to manufacturing. Other uses of this stand-alone unit include the evaluation and comparison of materials, analysis of new incoming materials, and multi-load testing with up to 8 test weights ascending, descending or freely selectable. The Instron environmental chamber allows for tensile and flex testing from C to C for any sub-ambient and elevated temperature studies. Instron Environmental Chamber The Instron Environmental Chamber allows for non-ambient physical testing of your samples. The HV3S system is used to evaluate the behavior of plastics at high temperatures by measuring the heat deflection temperature HDT and the Vicat softening temperature Vicat of materials. Sharkskin Detection of flow instabilities is a new capability of the Polymers Center Materials Science lab via the Goettfert Sharkskin add-on. We are able to measure pressure fluctuations of material using high-speed detector and signal amplifier to detect the onset of extrudate roughness to help optimize your extrusion processes.
They are both responsive and efficient with the work they do for us. Carl Thomas does an excellent job in getting the information to us quickly and thoroughly in his reports. He is always a phone call away should we need him to interpret the data for us. PCE also has worked closely with us in developing specialty compounds for the polymer marketplace.
There variety of twin screw compounding lines allows us not only to prototype our compounds in small quantities, but once we have established a working formula, their larger lines suit us perfectly for production size runs. The staff at PCE are courteous and efficient. I would recommend them to anyone for their polymer testing, operator training, or specialty compounding needs. We have expanded the breadth and depth of our product range four-fold over the last several years and they have been there with us every step of the way. Their expertise, unique problem solving ability, high standard of quality and safety and hyper focus on customer satisfaction are a model for us all. The instructor, Joe Henz, literally brought boxes full of examples showing well designed parts as well as failures and the causes for them, manufacturing defects, gating and much more.
The course handouts contained many pictures and clear explanations, and even today they are some of the most heavily used resources on my bookshelf. If you are looking for a solid introduction to plastics, I highly recommend the Polymers Center of Excellence for your training needs. Their test and production equipment is up to date and functional. The personnel who oversee the equipment are professional and knowledgeable, many having come from the Plastics Industry with impressive academic backgrounds. In a sentence, they know what they are doing! They can and will answer your questions honestly.
In the event they do not know the answer or you require additional information they will not hesitate to let you know they find out. It was refreshing to discover such a remarkable polymer resource right here in North Carolina. No need to go to Texas or New Jersey anymore. One of the reasons I enjoy working with the Polymers Center is that they are always accommodating when it comes to doing tests. The Polymers Center always works with us on figuring out solutions by utilizing more than one method.
ASWB testing update April 27, The Board of Social Work has granted the authority to the Association of Social Work Boards ASWB to extend the testing expiration dates and deadlines as needed to accommodate for the testing site closures and the inevitable backlog as the tests resume. Candidates still eligible to test after April 30, are already finding it difficult to get appointments in May, June and possibly beyond.
We anticipate that will continue to be an issue even after Pearson VUE resumes testing and begins to clear the backlog. Remember, Pearson VUE administers exams for many, many clients so all are trying to get test dates. Our next focus is registrations expiring after April 30, , beginning with those expiring in May, then June, and so forth as necessary. It is likely that that will vary depending on location. We want to be as flexible as possible, address candidate needs expeditiously, ease the burden on our membership, and avoid updating registrations more than once. Initially we were focused on those canceled through April There is some good news. Although testing has been suspended until May 1 in Pearson VUE-owned test centers in the United States and Canada, a subset of these centers has been opened on a limited schedule for testing essential service providers.
Essential service providers now include social workers in addition to nurses and emergency medical responders among other health care workers. Availability is first come, first served. Such temporary license shall expire September 8, During such time the practitioner may seek a full Virginia license or transition patients to Virginia-licensed practitioners. Health care practitioners with an active license issued by another state may provide continuity of care to their current patients who are Virginia residents through telehealth services. However, if they want to acquire new patients, they must apply for full licensure in Virginia or an Accelerated Temporary License as indicated above. Please read the notice at this link. Because this is a federal announcement, we are not in a position to answer questions or offer clarification on this issue.
COVID Update from the Board on test centers, CE and more March 18, We have received additional questions, and felt the need to provide some clarification on the following issues:. Please visit ASWB's website at www. The Board will let you know that you have been approved to test, but we will not register you to test until the ASWB testing sites are up and running. For those of you still waiting to test, please follow ASWB's guidance. The time that the testing sites are down will not count against the two years you have to take and pass the exam, since the exam was not available. Although you have a year extension to complete your CEs, you still must renew your license by June 30, There are no restrictions on the number of continuing education hours that can be obtained online or in person.
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